[Uhlolojikelele lwentuthuko nezici ze-vacuum circuit breaker]: i-vacuum circuit breaker ibhekisela kusiphuli sesifunda esithintana nabo bavalwe futhi bavulwe ku-vacuum.Izinqamuleli ze-vacuum zaqale zacwaningwa yi-United Kingdom ne-United States, zase zithuthukiswa zaba eJapane, eJalimane, ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union nakwamanye amazwe.I-China yaqala ukufunda ithiyori ye-vacuum circuit breaker kusukela ngo-1959, futhi yakhiqiza ngokusemthethweni ama-vacuum circuit breaker ekuqaleni kwawo-1970.
I-vacuum circuit breaker isho isinqamuli sesekhethi esithintwaso sivalwe futhi sivulwe ku-vacuum.
Izinqamuleli ze-vacuum zaqale zacwaningwa yi-United Kingdom ne-United States, zase zithuthukiswa zaba eJapane, eJalimane, ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union nakwamanye amazwe.I-China yaqala ukufunda ithiyori ye-vacuum circuit breakers ngo-1959, futhi yakhiqiza ngokusemthethweni izinhlobo ezahlukene zama-vacuum circuit breakers ekuqaleni kwawo-1970.Ukuqamba okusha okuqhubekayo kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obufana nesiphazamisi se-vacuum, indlela yokusebenza kanye nezinga lokufakwa kwe-vacuum kwenze i-vacuum circuit breaker ithuthuke ngokushesha, futhi uchungechunge lwezimpumelelo ezibalulekile zenziwe ocwaningweni lomthamo omkhulu, ukuguqulwa okuncane, ubuhlakani nokuthembeka.
Ngezinzuzo zezici ezinhle zokucisha i-arc, ezifanele ukusebenza kaningi, impilo ende kagesi, ukuthembeka kokusebenza okuphezulu, nesikhathi samahhala sokulungiswa, ama-vacuum circuit breakers asetshenziswe kabanzi ekuguquleni igridi yamandla asemadolobheni nasezindaweni zasemakhaya, imboni yamakhemikhali, i-metallurgy, ujantshi. ukufaka ugesi, izimayini nezinye izimboni embonini kagesi yaseShayina.Imikhiqizo isukela ezinhlotsheni eziningana ze-ZN1-ZN5 esikhathini esedlule kuye kumamodeli nezinhlobo eziningi manje.Isilinganiso samanje sifinyelela ku-4000A, i-breaking current ifinyelela ku-5OKA, ngisho ne-63kA, futhi i-voltage ifinyelela ku-35kV.
Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nezici ze-vacuum circuit breaker kuzobonakala ezicini ezimbalwa eziyinhloko, okuhlanganisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesiphazamisi se-vacuum, ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokusebenza kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo sokufakelwa.
Ukuthuthukiswa kanye nezici zeziphazamisi ze-vacuum
2.1Ukuthuthukiswa kweziphazamisi ze-vacuum
Umqondo wokusebenzisa i-vacuum medium ukucisha i-arc wabekwa phambili ekupheleni kwekhulu le-19, futhi isiphazamisi sokuqala se-vacuum sakhiqizwa ngawo-1920.Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kobuchwepheshe be-vacuum, izinto zokwakha kanye namanye amazinga obuchwepheshe, kwakungelona usizo ngaleso sikhathi.Kusukela ngawo-1950, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obusha, izinkinga eziningi ekwenziweni kweziphazamisi ze-vacuum zixazululiwe, futhi ukushintshwa kwe-vacuum kuye kwafinyelela kancane kancane ezingeni elisebenzayo.Maphakathi nawo-1950, i-General Electric Company yase-United States yakhiqiza inqwaba yama-vacuum circuit breaker anesilinganiso sokuphuka esingu-12KA.Kamuva, ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yawo-1950, ngenxa yokuthuthukiswa kweziphazamisi ze-vacuum ezinokuxhumana kwe-magnetic field transverse, isilinganiso sokuphuka kwamanje sakhushulwa ku-3OKA.Ngemva kweminyaka yawo-1970, i-Toshiba Electric Company yaseJapane ithuthukise ngempumelelo isiphazamisi se-vacuum esinendawo yokuxhumana kazibuthe ye-longitudinal, okuqhubekisela phambili ukukhulisa isilinganiso sokuphuka saba ngaphezu kwe-5OKA.Njengamanje, ama-circuit breaker asetshenziswe kakhulu ezinhlelweni zokusabalalisa amandla angu-1KV kanye nama-35kV, futhi i-breaking current elinganiselwe ingafinyelela ku-5OKA-100KAo.Amanye amazwe aphinde akhiqiza iziphazamisi ze-vacuum engu-72kV/84kV, kodwa isibalo sincane.Ijeneretha ye-DC high-voltage
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ukukhiqizwa kwama-vacuum circuit breakers e-China kuthuthuke ngokushesha.Njengamanje, ubuchwepheshe beziphazamisi ze-vacuum zasekhaya buyalingana nobemikhiqizo yangaphandle.Kukhona iziphazamisi ze-vacuum ezisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bezizibuthe ezimile nezivundlile kanye nobuchwepheshe bokuxhumana bokuthungela obumaphakathi.Othintwayo abenziwe ngezinto ze-Cu Cr alloy banqamule ngempumelelo iziphazamisi ze-vacuum ze-5OKA nezi-63kAo e-China, ezifinyelele izinga eliphezulu.I-vacuum circuit breaker ingasebenzisa ngokuphelele iziphazamisi ze-vacuum zasekhaya.
2.2Izici zesiphazamisi se-vacuum
Igumbi lokucisha i-vacuum arc liyingxenye eyinhloko ye-vacuum circuit breaker.Isekelwa futhi ivalwe ngengilazi noma nge-ceramics.Kukhona abathintwayo abaguqukayo nabamile kanye namakhava avikelayo ngaphakathi.Kukhona ingcindezi engalungile ekamelweni.Idigri ye-vacuum ingu-133 × 10 Nine 133 × LOJPa, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwayo kokucisha i-arc kanye nezinga lokufaka uma kuphuka.Lapho i-vacuum degree iyancipha, ukusebenza kwayo kokuphulwa kuzoncishiswa kakhulu.Ngakho-ke, igumbi lokucisha i-vacuum arc ngeke lithintwe yinoma yimaphi amandla angaphandle, futhi ngeke lishaywe noma lishaywe ngezandla.Akumele kugcizelelwe ngesikhathi sokunyakaza nokugcinwa.Akuvunyelwe ukufaka noma yini ku-vacuum circuit breaker ukuvimbela i-vacuum arc yokucisha igumbi ukuthi ingalimali lapho iwa.Ngaphambi kokulethwa, i-vacuum circuit breaker kufanele ihlolwe ngokuqinile ngokuhambisana nokuhlanganisa.Ngesikhathi sokulungiswa, wonke amabhawodi egumbi lokucisha i-arc azoboshwa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukucindezeleka okufanayo.
I-vacuum circuit breaker iphazamisa i-current futhi icime i-arc egumbini lokucisha i-arc ye-vacuum.Kodwa-ke, i-vacuum circuit breaker ngokwayo ayinayo idivayisi yokuqapha ngokwekhwalithi nangokomthamo izici zedigri ye-vacuum, ngakho iphutha lokunciphisa i-vacuum degree liyiphutha elifihliwe.Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukuncishiswa kwedigri ye-vacuum kuzothinta kakhulu ikhono le-vacuum circuit breaker yokusika i-over-current, futhi kuholele ekwehleni okukhulu kwempilo yesevisi ye-circuit breaker, okuzoholela ekuqhumeni kweswishi uma kubi kakhulu.
Ukufingqa, inkinga enkulu yesiphazamisi se-vacuum ukuthi i-vacuum degree iyancipha.Izizathu eziyinhloko zokunciphisa i-vacuum yilezi ezilandelayo.
(1) I-vacuum circuit breaker iyingxenye ebucayi.Ngemva kokushiya imboni, ifektri yamashubhu e-elekthronikhi ingase ibe nokuvuza kwengilazi noma izigxivizo ze-ceramic ngemva kwezikhathi eziningi zamaqhubu okuthutha, ukushaqeka kokufaka, ukushayisana ngengozi, njll.
(2) Kunezinkinga ohlelweni lwempahla noma lokukhiqiza lwesiphazamisi sevacuum, futhi amaphuzu avuzayo avela ngemva kokusebenza okuningi.
(3) Ngohlobo oluhlukanisiwe lwe-vacuum circuit breaker, njenge-electromagnetic operating mechanism, uma lusebenza, ngenxa yebanga elikhulu lokuxhumanisa okusebenzayo, luthinta ngokuqondile ukuvumelanisa, ukugxuma, ukudlula kanye nezinye izici zeswishi ukuze kusheshiswe ukunciphisa i-vacuum degree.Ijeneretha ye-DC high-voltage
Indlela yokwelapha yokunciphisa izinga le-vacuum ye-vacuum interrupter:
Bheka njalo isiphazamisi sevacuum, futhi usebenzise njalo isihloli sevacuum yeswishi yevacuum ukuze ulinganise izinga levacuum yesiphazamisi sevacuum, ukuze uqinisekise ukuthi idigri yevacuum yesiphazamisi sevacuum ingaphakathi kwebanga elishiwo;Lapho izinga le-vacuum lincipha, isiphazamisi se-vacuum kufanele sishintshwe, futhi ukuhlolwa kwesici okufana nokushaywa unhlangothi, ukuvumelanisa kanye nokugxuma kufanele kwenziwe kahle.
3. Ukuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokusebenza
Indlela yokusebenza ingenye yezici ezibalulekile zokuhlola ukusebenza kwe-vacuum circuit breaker.Isizathu esiyinhloko esithinta ukuthembeka kwe-vacuum circuit breaker yizici zemishini yendlela yokusebenza.Ngokusho kokuthuthukiswa kwendlela yokusebenza, ingahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezilandelayo.Ijeneretha ye-DC high-voltage
3.1Indlela yokusebenza eyenziwa mathupha
Indlela yokusebenza encike ekuvaleni okuqondile ibizwa nge-manual operating mechanism, esetshenziswa kakhulukazi ukusebenzisa ama-circuit breaker anezinga lamandla kagesi aphansi kanye namandla okuphuka anesilinganiso esiphansi.Umshini wezandla awuvamile ukusetshenziswa eminyangweni yamandla angaphandle ngaphandle kwamabhizinisi ezimboni kanye nezimayini.Umshini wokusebenza owenziwe ngesandla ulula ngesakhiwo, awudingi okokusebenza okuyizinsimbi eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi unobubi bokuthi awukwazi ukuphinda uvale ngokuzenzakalelayo futhi ungasetshenziswa endaweni kuphela, okungaphephile ngokwanele.Ngakho-ke, umshini wokusebenza owenziwe ngesandla usucishe wathathelwa indawo umshini wokusebenza wasentwasahlobo ngokugcinwa kwamandla okwenziwa ngesandla.
3.2Indlela yokusebenza ye-electromagnetic
Indlela yokusebenza evalwa ngamandla kazibuthe kagesi ibizwa nge-electromagnetic operating mechanism d.Imishini ye-CD17 ithuthukiswa ngokubambisana nemikhiqizo yasekhaya ye-ZN28-12.Ngokwesakhiwo, iphinde ihlelwe ngaphambili nangemuva kwesiphazamisi se-vacuum.
Izinzuzo zendlela yokusebenza ye-electromagnetic yindlela elula, ukusebenza okuthembekile kanye nezindleko eziphansi zokukhiqiza.Okubi ukuthi amandla asetshenziswa ikhoyili evalayo makhulu kakhulu, futhi adinga ukulungiswa [Isibukezo sentuthuko kanye nezici ze-vacuum circuit breaker]: I-vacuum circuit breaker ibhekisela ku-circuit breaker oxhumana nabo abavaliwe futhi bavulwa. ku-vacuum.Izinqamuleli ze-vacuum zaqale zacwaningwa yi-United Kingdom ne-United States, zase zithuthukiswa zaba eJapane, eJalimane, ezweni elaliyiSoviet Union nakwamanye amazwe.I-China yaqala ukufunda ithiyori ye-vacuum circuit breaker kusukela ngo-1959, futhi yakhiqiza ngokusemthethweni ama-vacuum circuit breaker ekuqaleni kwawo-1970.
Amabhethri abizayo, ukuvala okukhulu kwamanje, isakhiwo esikhulu, isikhathi eside sokusebenza, nokuncipha kancane kancane kwesabelo semakethe.
3.3Indlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo ye-DC high-voltage generator
Indlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo isebenzisa isiphethu samandla agciniwe njengamandla okwenza iswishi ibone isenzo sokuvala.Ingaqhutshwa amandla ezisebenzi noma amandla amancane e-AC kanye ne-DC motors, ngakho-ke amandla okuvala akuthintwa izici zangaphandle (njengamandla kagesi, umfutho womoya womthombo womoya, umfutho we-hydraulic womthombo we-hydraulic pressure), ongakwazi kuphela finyelela isivinini esikhulu sokuvala, kodwa futhi uqaphele ukusebenza kokuvala okuzenzakalelayo okuphindaphindiwe okuzenzakalelayo;Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kuqhathaniswa nendlela yokusebenza ye-electromagnetic, indlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo inezindleko eziphansi kanye nenani eliphansi.Iyindlela esetshenziswa kakhulu yokusebenza ku-vacuum circuit breaker, futhi abakhiqizi bayo baningi, abahlala bethuthuka.Izindlela ze-CT17 ne-CT19 zijwayelekile, futhi i-ZN28-17, VS1 ne-VGl zisetshenziswa nazo.
Ngokuvamile, indlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo inamakhulu ezingxenye, futhi indlela yokudlulisela iyinkimbinkimbi, enezinga eliphezulu lokwehluleka, izingxenye eziningi ezihambayo kanye nezidingo eziphezulu zenqubo yokukhiqiza.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwendlela yokusebenza yasentwasahlobo kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi kunezindawo eziningi zokungqubuzana ezishelelayo, futhi eziningi zazo zisezingxenyeni ezibalulekile.Ngesikhathi sokusebenza isikhathi eside, ukuguga nokugqwala kwalezi zingxenye, kanye nokulahlekelwa nokuphulukiswa kwamafutha, kuzoholela emaphutheni okusebenza.Ngokuyinhloko kukhona ukushiyeka okulandelayo.
(1) I-breaker circuit yenqaba ukusebenza, okungukuthi, ithumela isignali yokusebenza ku-breaker wesifunda ngaphandle kokuvala noma ukuvula.
(2) Iswishi ayikwazi ukuvalwa noma inqanyuliwe ngemva kokuvala.
(3) Uma kwenzeka ingozi, isenzo sokuvikela i-relay kanye ne-circuit breaker ayikwazi ukunqanyulwa.
(4) Shisa ikhoyili yokuvala.
Ukuhlaziywa kwembangela yokwehluleka kwendlela yokusebenza:
I-circuit breaker yenqaba ukusebenza, okungase kubangelwe ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kagesi noma ukuphelelwa amandla kwamandla kagesi okusebenza, ukunqanyulwa kwesekhethi yokusebenza, ukunqanyulwa kwekhoyili evalayo noma ikhoyili yokuvula, kanye nokungaxhumani kahle koxhumene nabo beswitch kumshini.
Iswishi ayikwazi ukuvalwa noma ivulwe ngemva kokuvalwa, okungase kubangelwe ukushaqeka kwamandla kagesi osebenzayo, ukuhamba kokuxhumana okudlulele kothintana naye onyakazayo wesiphakeli sesekethe, ukunqanyulwa kokuxhumana okuxhumene okuxhumene kweswishi eyisekelayo, kanye nenani elincane kakhulu ukuxhumana phakathi kwengxenye ye-shaft yendlela yokusebenza kanye ne-pawl;
Ngesikhathi sengozi, isenzo sokuvikela i-relay kanye ne-breaker yesekethe akukwazanga ukunqanyulwa.Kungenzeka ukuthi kunezindaba zangaphandle enkabeni yensimbi yokuvula ezivimbe inkaba yensimbi ekusebenzeni ngendlela eguquguqukayo, i-half shaft ekhubekayo yokuvula ayikwazanga ukujikeleza ngokuguquguqukayo, futhi isifunda sokuvula sokuvula sanqanyulwa.
Izizathu ezingenzeka zokushiswa kwekhoyili yokuvala yilezi: isixhumi se-DC asikwazi ukunqanyulwa ngemva kokuvala, isishicileli esisizayo asijiki endaweni yokuvula ngemva kokuvala, kanye neswishi eyisekelayo iyaxega.
3.4Umshini ozibuthe waphakade
Indlela kazibuthe ehlala njalo isebenzisa isimiso esisha sokusebenza ukuze ihlanganise ngendlela ephilayo umshini kazibuthe ozibuthe ongunaphakade, igwema izinto ezimbi ezibangelwa ukukhubeka komshini endaweni yokuvala nokuvula kanye nesistimu yokukhiya.Amandla okubamba akhiqizwa uzibuthe unomphela angagcina i-vacuum circuit breaker endaweni yokuvala neyokuvula lapho kudingeka noma imaphi amandla emishini.Ifakwe uhlelo lokulawula ukubona yonke imisebenzi edingwa i-vacuum circuit breaker.Ingahlukaniswa ikakhulukazi ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-monostable permanent magnetic actuator kanye ne-bistable permanent magnetic actuator.Umgomo wokusebenza we-bistable permanent magnetic actuator ukuthi ukuvulwa nokuvalwa kwe-actuator kuncike emandleni kazibuthe angunaphakade;Umgomo wokusebenza we-monostable unomphela uzibuthe umshini wokuvula ukuvula ngokushesha ngosizo lwesiphethu sokugcina amandla nokugcina indawo yokuvula.Ukuvala kuphela okungagcina amandla kazibuthe angapheli.Umkhiqizo oyinhloko we-Trede Electric iyi-actuator yamagnetic ehlala njalo, futhi amabhizinisi asekhaya athuthukisa kakhulu i-bistable permanent magnetic actuator.
Isakhiwo se-bistable unomphela ozibuthe actuator siyehluka, kodwa kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zezimiso: uhlobo lwekhoyili ekabili (uhlobo olulinganayo) nohlobo lwekhoyili eyodwa (uhlobo lwe-asymmetrical).Lezi zakhiwo ezimbili zethulwe kafushane ngezansi.
(1) Umshini ozibuthe wamakhoyili ophindwe kabili
Ikhoyili ephindwe kabili kazibuthe umshini unomphela ibonakala ngokuthi: ukusebenzisa uzibuthe unomphela ukugcina i-vacuum circuit breaker endaweni yomkhawulo wokuvula nokuvala ngokulandelana, kusetshenziswa ikhoyili evusa amadlingozi ukusunduza umgogodla wensimbi ukusuka endaweni yokuvula ukuya endaweni yokuvala, nokusebenzisa ikhoyili evusa amadlingozi enye ikhoyili evusa amadlingozi ukusunduza umgogodla wensimbi womshini ukusuka endaweni yokuvala ukuya endaweni yokuvula.Isibonelo, indlela yokushintsha i-VMl ye-ABB isebenzisa lesi sakhiwo.
(2) Ikhoyili eyodwa unomphela uzibuthe
Ikhoyili eyodwa kazibuthe unomphela indlela futhi isebenzisa ozibuthe unomphela ukugcina i-vacuum circuit breaker endaweni elinganiselwe yokuvula nokuvala, kodwa ikhoyili eyodwa ethokozisayo isetshenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala.Kukhona futhi amakhoyili amabili avusa amadlingozi wokuvula nokuvala, kodwa amakhoyili amabili asohlangothini olulodwa, kanti indlela yokugeleza kwekhoyili ehambisanayo iphambene.Umgomo wayo uyafana nalowo wekhoyili eyodwa unomphela uzibuthe.Amandla okuvala avela kakhulu kukhoyili evusa amadlingozi, futhi amandla okuvula avela ikakhulukazi entwasahlobo yokuvula.Isibonelo, ikholomu ye-GVR ye-vacuum breaker ekhweziwe eyethulwe i-Whipp&Bourne Company e-UK isebenzisa le ndlela.
Ngokwezici ezingenhla zomshini ozibuthe unomphela, izinzuzo zayo kanye nokubi kungafingqwa.Izinzuzo ukuthi isakhiwo silula, uma kuqhathaniswa ne-spring mechanism, izingxenye zayo ziyancipha cishe ngama-60%;Ngezingxenye ezimbalwa, izinga lokuhluleka nalo lizoncishiswa, ngakho ukwethembeka kuphezulu;Impilo ende yesevisi yomshini;Usayizi omncane nesisindo esincane.Ukungalungi ukuthi ngokwezici zokuvula, ngoba inkaba yensimbi ehambayo ibamba iqhaza ekuhambeni kokuvula, inertia yokunyakaza yesistimu ehambayo ikhula kakhulu lapho kuvulwa, okungathandeki kakhulu ukuthuthukisa isivinini sokuvula okuqinile;Ngenxa yamandla aphezulu okusebenza, inqunyelwe umthamo we-capacitor.
4. Ukuthuthukiswa kwesakhiwo se-insulation
Ngokwezibalo kanye nokuhlaziywa kwezinhlobo zezingozi ekusebenzeni kwama-high-voltage circuit breakers ohlelweni lwamandla lukazwelonke olusekelwe kudatha yomlando efanele, ukwehluleka ukuvula ama-akhawunti angu-22.67%;Ukwenqaba ukubambisana kubalele ku-6.48%;Izingozi zokugqekeza zenze u-9.07%;Izingozi ze-insulation zibalelwa ku-35.47%;Ingozi engalungile ibalelwa ku-7.02%;Izingozi zokuvalwa kwemifula zibalelwa ku-7.95%;Izingozi zangaphandle kanye nezinye zibalelwa ku-11.439 izingozi ezibi kakhulu, izingozi zokunqanda ukuhlukaniswa kwezicubu kanye nezingozi zokunqatshelwa kokuhlukana bekugqame kakhulu, ezibalele cishe amaphesenti angama-60 azo zonke izingozi.Ngakho-ke, ukwakheka kwe-insulation nakho kuyiphuzu eliyinhloko le-vacuum circuit breaker.Ngokuya ngezinguquko kanye nokuthuthukiswa kokufakwa kwekholomu yesigaba, ingahlukaniswa ngokuyisisekelo ibe yizizukulwane ezintathu: ukufakwa komoya, ukufakwa kwenhlanganisela, kanye nokufakwa kwezigxobo ezivaliwe okuqinile.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Oct-22-2022